Modernization path

Modernize an AS/400 estate to cloud-native architectures.

Migration of AS/400 applications (IBM i, RPG, DB2/400) to Java, .NET Core, or TypeScript. ATLAS methodology, business knowledge preservation, progressive cutover.

Key figures
IBM i 7.6
current release, generally available since April 18, 2025
IBM
5 phases
ATLAS, from scoping to go-live
By batches
incremental delivery, duration set at scoping
ATLAS methodology applied

From scoping to deployment, five structured phases.

Each phase aggregates one or more of the ten ATLAS steps. No phase starts until the previous one has delivered its validated artefact. The ATLAS methodology makes this migration predictable and auditable.

  1. 01Phase 1

    Scoping

    ATLAS steps
    E1 Intake · E2 Discovery · E2b Functional specification

    Understand the existing RPG, COBOL/400, CL estate. Rebuild a usable functional analysis. Define scope, constraints, and success criteria.

    Phase deliverable
    Estate inventory + functional specification + pricing
  2. 02Phase 2

    Capture & dependencies

    ATLAS steps
    E2e Existing-system capture · E3 Dependency mapping

    Set the ground truth: 5250 screens, reports, datasets, recorded transactions. Map subsystems, queues, DB2/400 databases, integrations exhaustively.

    Phase deliverable
    Reference transaction bench + complete mapping
  3. 03Phase 3

    Target architecture

    ATLAS steps
    E4 Target architecture · E4b Pre-migration tests

    Choose the target (Java + Spring Boot, .NET Core, TypeScript), design RPG migration patterns, SFL subfiles, data queues. Prepare the characterization test suite before any porting.

    Phase deliverable
    Signed target architecture + characterization test suite
  4. 04Phase 4

    Migration & parity

    ATLAS steps
    E5 Migration · E6 Parity validation

    Translate pattern by pattern with line-by-line traceability. Incremental migration by subsystem (strangler fig). Signed parity audit between legacy and target on every delivered batch.

    Phase deliverable
    Target code + parity audit per subsystem
  5. 05Phase 5

    Deployment & handover

    ATLAS steps
    E7 Delivery

    Progressive go-live, IBM i ↔ target coexistence whose duration is set at scoping based on risk profile, batched transactional cutover, internal classified discrepancy registry, ops handover to the client team.

    Phase deliverable
    Application in production + autonomous client team
At the core of the ATLAS method

AI to understand RPG / AS/400, not to translate it.

On IBM i, RPG and the DB2/400 database are intertwined: programs rely on native record-level access and on constraints carried by the system rather than the schema. Automatic RPG conversion produces target code assuming a conventional relational database, while integrity rules lived elsewhere. End-to-end automatic translation isn't a modernization method, it's a debt transfer.

Our approach is the opposite. ATLAS relies on multiple readings of the source code, from several angles. Here, what we read first: native record-level access to translate into set-based queries, and system-carried integrity rules to re-express in the target schema. AI comes in as a comprehension accelerator, to decipher years of accumulated business logic, reverse-document uncommented branches, surface the intent behind the code. It doesn't decide and it doesn't translate. It informs the work of the architect, who then designs the target architecture and drives the migration pattern by pattern, under parity audit.

This understanding still requires humans who know the source technologies. That's our edge: where Europe and North America face a retirement wave on these skills, Tunisia retains experienced RPG and IBM i developers, paired with modern architects. Together they ensure continuity between the original business intent and the target system.

Who is concerned

Business context and modernization stakes.

AS/400 in companies today

AS/400 — renamed IBM i since 2008 — remains remarkably present in SMEs and mid-caps in the distribution, manufacturing, logistics, food and retail sectors. Many of these companies acquired their AS/400 between the 1990s and the mid-2000s and still run it today. The platform stands out for its exceptional operational stability, its integrated model (OS, integrated DB2/400 database, native security), and its longevity (programs written decades ago still run today).

Why modernize AS/400

Three forces push for IBM i modernization: growing shortage of RPG developers, significant IBM Power license costs at hardware renewal, and integration limitations with modern REST, GraphQL, event APIs. IT departments hesitate because AS/400 works perfectly, but the demographic cliff of RPG skills makes the decision inevitable in 5-10 years. Our ATLAS methodology is suited to this long trajectory.

AS/400 source languages

An AS/400 estate typically combines three languages: RPG (the most common, from RPG II to modern RPG Free Form), COBOL (sometimes coexisting with RPG), CL (Control Language for system scripts). Each language has its own migration patterns. Classic RPG II / III is harder to migrate than RPG Free Form which is closer to a modern language. COBOL on AS/400 follows the COBOL to Java or .NET Core path. CL is generally rewritten as shell scripts or in a modern orchestrator (Airflow, Kubernetes CronJobs).

Source platform

AS/400 (IBM i, RPG, DB2/400, CL)

DB2/400AS/400IBM iRPGCL
Target technology

Java, .NET Core, TypeScript, PostgreSQL, containers

Technology alternatives

Compare target trajectories.

Java 21 or 25 (LTS) + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL + Kubernetes

Strategic AS/400 estate, need for transactional robustness, Java teams in-house or accessible via integrators. Default choice for SMEs and mid-caps that want code they can maintain long-term.

.NET 10 + C# + SQL Server + Azure

Microsoft-dominated IT landscape, integration with Dynamics 365 or Power Platform. See COBOL to .NET Core for arithmetic subtleties.

TypeScript + Node.js + PostgreSQL + Cloudflare/Azure Functions

Moderate workloads, priority on velocity and cloud cost. Suited to management and e-commerce applications. See COBOL to TypeScript.

Rehosting via IBM i on cloud (IBM Power Virtual Server, Skytap)

Urgent need to move off physical hardware without an immediate redesign. Lift-and-shift approach that keeps RPG running on IBM cloud. Useful as a temporary stepping stone, not as a final target.

Scoping reference

How long, and with what team?

An AS/400 modernization is structured as a sequence of functional batches, with the cadence set at scoping based on volume and criticality. The cell combines an AS/400-cloud architect capable of bridging both worlds, a tech lead on the target language (Java, .NET, TypeScript), developers ideally with an RPG or COBOL background, a DB2/400-PostgreSQL DBA for data migration, a cloud network engineer, a QA. Composition and headcount are not fixed upfront: they are determined after the POC and scoping, once the real work has been measured.

What are the risks?

  • Porting RPG logic to a modern language with functional parity.
  • Migrating DB2/400 databases to PostgreSQL or SQL Server.
  • Reproducing specific mechanisms (subfiles, data queues).

How does ATLAS control them?

  • Existing-system capture: RPG programs, 5250 screens, databases.
  • Choice of target architecture based on client priorities.
  • Incremental migration with parity audit.

What results to expect?

  • Modern, maintainable, deployable applications.
  • Automated test suite, complete documentation.
Identified pitfalls and ATLAS response

What we learned on this migration path.

Pitfall 01

Underestimating the specificity of RPG subfiles (SFL). 5250 subfiles are tabular display patterns with native pagination that have no direct equivalent in modern web.

ATLAS response

Explicit porting of subfiles to web data tables (AG Grid, Material UI Table) with cursor-based pagination. Native RPG subfile operations (READC, CHAIN, UPDATE, EXFMT) are reproduced as REST endpoints with client-side state management. UX parity tests on bulk entry/consultation workflows.

Pitfall 02

Ignoring AS/400 data queues and data areas, the inter-program communication mechanisms specific to IBM i.

ATLAS response

Replacement with modern message queues (Azure Service Bus, RabbitMQ, Apache Kafka per context). Global data areas become entries in Redis or a key-value database. Unit tests on producer-consumer communication patterns to validate isofunctionality.

Pitfall 03

Forgetting DB2/400 specifics. DB2 for i differs from classic DB2 and PostgreSQL in its integrity rules, triggers and naming constraints (long SQL names vs 10-character system names).

ATLAS response

Exhaustive DB2/400 schema mapping from discovery phase. Migration to PostgreSQL with table name adaptation, triggers ported as PL/pgSQL functions, materialized views reproduced. Parity tests on representative datasets with automatic reconciliation.

Pitfall 04

Neglecting IBM i security mechanisms (user profiles, authorities, system groups). IBM i has very fine-grained built-in security that target systems do not reproduce natively.

ATLAS response

Target RBAC model designed from the architecture (Role-Based Access Control). AS/400 user profiles are mapped to a modern directory (Active Directory, Keycloak, Auth0) with granular roles and permissions. Non-regression tests on each user profile with representative access scenarios.

Pitfall 05

Wanting to migrate everything at once. An AS/400 estate accumulated over 15 to 25 years often contains forgotten programs, hidden dependencies, undocumented workflows.

ATLAS response

Mandatory strangler fig strategy. We migrate subsystem by subsystem, the least critical transactions first. IBM i / cloud coexistence for 2 to 4 years. Progressive decommissioning of migrated programs. See the ATLAS methodology for the detailed protocol.

Cell composition

A specialized cell for this modernization path.

Several distinct profiles, mobilized over the full program duration. Reproducing this cell internally is rarely realistic — the legacy skills shortage and ATLAS expertise depth make outsourcing structurally faster and less risky.

Duration
Set at scoping based on volume and criticality
Volume
Determined after the POC and scoping
Profiles

AS/400 ↔ Cloud architect

Bridge between both worlds, target design, technical governance

Target language Tech Lead

Java 21/25, .NET 10 or TypeScript depending on the architecture choice

Developers

Ideally with an RPG or COBOL background for pattern-by-pattern translation

DBA DB2/400 → PostgreSQL

Schema migration, triggers, materialized views, data parity audit

Cloud network engineer

IBM i / target cloud coexistence, security, integrations

QA & functional parity

Test bench, legacy/target comparison, ATLAS audit validation

Frequently asked questions

What decision-makers ask about this path.

Does IBM still support AS/400 / IBM i?+

Yes, IBM continues to invest in IBM i. The current version, IBM i 7.6, has been generally available since April 18, 2025 (7.5 dates from 2022), and IBM has announced no end-of-support date for either release. The decision to migrate therefore does not come from imminent IBM end-of-support, but from strategic considerations: RPG skills shortage, costs, modern web integration. It is a 5-10 year decision, not an emergency.

Can we keep IBM i and just modernize the user interface?+

Yes, this is known as web-facing. Tools such as Profound UI, looksoftware, Aura, or Rational Open Access for RPG components wrap an existing RPG application in a web interface without rewriting the back-end. Pros: fast modernization, business code preservation, lower investment. Cons: vendor dependency, evolution limits, license costs. It is a transitional solution, not a long-term strategy — to be combined with a progressive back-end migration plan.

How to handle 5250 screens (AS/400 green interface)?+

5250 screens are replaced by a modern web interface (React, Angular, Vue). Function-key driven 5250 workflows (F3 = exit, F12 = back) are translated into web workflows with explicit buttons and configurable web keyboard shortcuts. 5250 subfiles become paginated web tables. The user experience is redesigned — users trained on 5250 need support during the transition and generally find the web version more productive afterwards.

How much does an AS/400 modernization cost?+

Cost depends on the volume of RPG, COBOL/400 and CL actually in scope, the number of 5250 screens to redesign, and the criticality of the processing, which sets the depth of parity testing. We do not quote before the ATLAS Intake, which produces the estate inventory, measures its complexity and identifies the risks. The first scoping call is free (30 minutes to 2 hours). See the delivery models for contractual formats.

Can we do Build-Operate-Transfer on an IBM i modernization?+

Yes, it is a good fit. The BOT model consists of entrusting the modernization cell to Access for 2-4 years, then progressively transferring the team to your internal organization. Suited to mid-caps wanting to internalize their target skills while avoiding startup risk. See the development center for BOT contractual terms.

When does the AS/400 reach end of life?+

There is no IBM-imposed end of life for the AS/400 — IBM rebranded it iSeries, System i and then IBM i and continues active investment. The current version, IBM i 7.6, has been available since April 18, 2025, with no end-of-support date announced. The decision to modernize therefore does not come from imminent IBM end-of-support. The real drivers are: shrinking RPG developer talent, hardware cost (Power systems are not cheap), modern integration friction (cloud, mobile, AI all require workarounds), and business agility requirements that the green-screen experience cannot match. Modernization is a 5-10 year strategic decision, not an emergency. The ATLAS methodology handles AS/400 modernization to Java, .NET Core, or TypeScript with proven parity.

Is Java or .NET better for AS/400 modernization?+

It depends on your existing ecosystem and what you want to gain from the migration. Pick Java when your platform is already built around Spring, Kafka, Kubernetes, or open-source databases (PostgreSQL, MariaDB) — Java's library depth on financial transactions, AS/400-style record I/O, and its long-term language stability make it the safer default for large RPG estates. Pick .NET 10 when your organization runs on Microsoft (Azure, Dynamics 365, Power Platform) — interop with the rest of the stack saves real money, and modern C# is now on par with Java on every dimension that matters. But the choice of Java vs .NET is the second decision. The first is what experience you want on the other side: leave the green-screen behind, expose the system as APIs, prepare for AI-assisted evolution. A line-for-line port has the worst ROI of all options. The ATLAS methodology frames this with an internal registry of classified discrepancies.

Considering AS/400 modernization?

Three concrete ways to start — from a free diagnosis to a full modernization cell. Our AS/400 / IBM i 7.5/7.6 approach is documented, priced, and applicable from the first meeting.